{"id":895,"date":"2026-09-26T11:36:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T14:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-ucraniano\/?p=895"},"modified":"2026-09-26T12:43:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T15:43:04","slug":"casos-em-ucraniano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-ucraniano\/casos-em-ucraniano\/","title":{"rendered":"Casos em ucraniano: os sete casos e as declina\u00e7\u00f5es"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Em ucraniano, os substantivos mudam de forma conforme o papel que t\u00eam na frase. Essas formas se chamam casos, e o ucraniano tem sete. Neste artigo, veja para que servem os casos em ucraniano e como os substantivos se declinam. Para o g\u00eanero das palavras, veja os g\u00eaneros em ucraniano<\/a>. Para o plural, veja o plural em ucraniano<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os sete casos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cada caso tem uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o. Veja o resumo, com as formas de \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (mova, “l\u00edngua”) no singular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>Pergunta<\/th>Para que serve<\/th>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u0445\u0442\u043e? \u0449\u043e? [khto? shcho?]<\/td>sujeito; \u00e9 a forma do dicion\u00e1rio<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 [mova]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? \u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? [koho? choho?]<\/td>posse, quantidade e depois de muitas preposi\u00e7\u00f5es<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438 [movy]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0301? \u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0301? [komu? chomu?]<\/td>a quem algo se destina<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456 [movi]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? \u0449\u043e? [koho? shcho?]<\/td>objeto direto<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0443 [movu]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u043a\u0438\u043c? \u0447\u0438\u043c? [kym? chym?]<\/td>meio ou instrumento; tamb\u00e9m com \u0437, “com”<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u044e [movoiu]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443? \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443? [na komu? na chomu?]<\/td>lugar; sempre com preposi\u00e7\u00e3o, como \u0443 ou \u043d\u0430<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456 [movi]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>sem pergunta<\/td>chamar algu\u00e9m<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e [movo]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As perguntas ajudam a escolher o caso. Para memorizar, d\u00e1 para juntar a elas uma palavra de apoio, como \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0454 (nemaie, “n\u00e3o h\u00e1”) antes de \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? \u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? e \u0431\u0430\u0301\u0447\u0443 (bachu, “vejo”) antes de \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301? \u0449\u043e?.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nesta frase, \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301 est\u00e1 no nominativo, porque \u00e9 o sujeito. J\u00e1 \u043c\u043e\u0432 est\u00e1 no genitivo plural, porque vem depois de \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e, “muitas”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0454 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0432.<\/strong> [Petro znaie bahato mov]
Petro sabe muitas l\u00ednguas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E aqui as duas palavras est\u00e3o no vocativo, porque a frase chama algu\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0435 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435!<\/strong> [Druzhe Ivane!]
Amigo Ivan!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muitas preposi\u00e7\u00f5es pedem um caso espec\u00edfico, como mostramos nas preposi\u00e7\u00f5es em ucraniano<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As quatro declina\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os substantivos se dividem em quatro grupos, chamados declina\u00e7\u00f5es. Cada uma tem suas pr\u00f3prias termina\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na primeira declina\u00e7\u00e3o ficam as palavras terminadas em -\u0430 ou -\u044f, quase todas femininas. J\u00e1 a segunda re\u00fane os masculinos terminados em consoante, -\u044c ou -\u0439, e os neutros em -\u043e, -\u0435 ou -\u044f. Na terceira est\u00e3o os femininos terminados em -\u044c ou em \u0436, \u0447, \u0448 e \u0449, como \u043d\u0456\u0447 (nich, “noite”). A palavra \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 (maty, “m\u00e3e”) tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 nela. Por fim, a quarta tem alguns neutros em -\u0430 ou -\u044f que ganham um acr\u00e9scimo no radical. \u00c9 o caso de \u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 (imia, “nome”), que vira \u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456. Tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o nela os filhotes de animais, que ganham -\u044f\u0442-: \u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301 (telia, “bezerro”) vira \u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00e9m disso, a primeira e a segunda declina\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00eam tr\u00eas grupos. No grupo brando ficam as palavras cujo radical termina em consoante branda. No misto, as que terminam em \u0436, \u0447, \u0448, \u0449 ou \u0434\u0436. Todas as outras formam o grupo duro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primeira declina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aqui est\u00e3o as formas de \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (grupo duro), \u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044f (grupo brando) e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430 (grupo misto). Veja que o acento pode mudar de lugar, como em \u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044f e \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0301. No singular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (l\u00edngua)<\/th>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044f (can\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/th>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430 (pera)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 [mova]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044f [pisnia]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430 [hrusha]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438 [movy]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0456 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456 [movi]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0456 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0443 [movu]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044e [pisniu]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0443 [hrushu]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u044e [movoiu]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0435\u044e [pisneiu]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0435\u044e [hrusheiu]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456 [movi]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0456 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e [movo]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0435 [pisne]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0435 [hrushe]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (l\u00edngua)<\/th>\u043f\u0456\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044f (can\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/th>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430 (pera)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438 [movy]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0301 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0432 [mov]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c [pisen]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448 [hrush]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u043c [movam]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0301\u043c [pisniam]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u043c [hrusham]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438 [movy]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0301 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 [movamy]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0301\u043c\u0438 [pisniamy]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0438 [hrushamy]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u0445 [movakh]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0445 [pisniakh]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0445 [hrushakh]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438 [movy]<\/td>\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0301 [pisni]<\/td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0456 [hrushi]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Genitivo plural<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Muitas palavras da primeira declina\u00e7\u00e3o ficam sem termina\u00e7\u00e3o no genitivo plural, e por isso o radical pode mudar. Quando ele termina em duas consoantes, aparece um \u043e ou um \u0435 entre elas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043c\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0301\u043a<\/strong> [dumka, dumok]
pensamento, de pensamentos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0436\u0456\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0301\u043a<\/strong> [zhinka, zhinok]
mulher, de mulheres<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00e9m disso, o \u043e da \u00faltima s\u00edlaba pode virar \u0456, pela regra da s\u00edlaba fechada<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0301, \u043d\u0456\u0433<\/strong> [noha, nih]
perna, de pernas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0301\u0431<\/strong> [osoba, osib]
pessoa, de pessoas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segunda declina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nos masculinos, o dativo e o locativo t\u00eam mais de uma forma, e as duas s\u00e3o corretas. Aqui est\u00e3o \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 (duro) e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (brando). No singular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 (irm\u00e3o)<\/th>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (professor)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 [brat]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c [uchytel]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0430 [brata]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f [uchytelia]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456 [bratovi], \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0443 [bratu]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0456 [uchytelevi], \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e [uchyteliu]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0430 [brata]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f [uchytelia]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c [bratom]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c [uchytelem]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456 [bratovi], \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0443 [bratu], \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0456 [brati]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0456 [uchytelevi], \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e [uchyteliu], \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456 [uchyteli]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435 [brate]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e [uchyteliu]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 (irm\u00e3o)<\/th>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (professor)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301 [braty]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0301 [uchyteli]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0432 [brativ]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0301\u0432 [uchyteliv]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043c [bratam]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043c [uchyteliam]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0432 [brativ]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0301\u0432 [uchyteliv]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0438 [bratamy]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043c\u0438 [uchyteliamy]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0445 [bratakh]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0445 [uchyteliakh]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301 [braty]<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0301 [uchyteli]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O grupo duro termina em -\u043e\u043c no instrumental singular, como \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c. J\u00e1 o misto e o brando terminam em -\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0301\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u043c<\/strong> [nozhem, konem]
com a faca, com o cavalo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vocativo dos masculinos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O vocativo dos masculinos tem tr\u00eas termina\u00e7\u00f5es. A mais comum \u00e9 -\u0435, usada em muitos nomes de pessoas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435, \u041f\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0435<\/strong> [Bohdane, Petre]
Bohdan, Petro (chamando)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1 -\u0443 aparece em palavras terminadas em -\u043a, -\u0438\u043a ou -\u043a\u043e e em algumas outras, como \u0441\u0438\u043d (syn, “filho”):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0443, \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0443<\/strong> [batku, synu, tatu, Ivanku]
pai, filho, papai, Ivanko<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por fim, as palavras do grupo brando levam -\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e, \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0456\u044e<\/strong> [vchyteliu, Vitaliiu]
professor, Vitalii<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quando se chama algu\u00e9m com duas palavras, as duas v\u00e3o para o vocativo, como em \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0435 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0446\u044e (druzhe Hrytsiu, “amigo Hryts”). Veja tamb\u00e9m a troca de consoantes em \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0435 na ortografia do ucraniano<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0456\u044e<\/strong> [pane Vitaliiu]
senhor Vitalii<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neutros<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Os neutros mudam menos, e o vocativo \u00e9 igual ao nominativo. Veja \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 (duro) e \u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 (brando). No singular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 (aldeia)<\/th>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 (campo)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 [selo]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 [pole]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0301 [sela]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044f [polia]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301 [selu]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044e [poliu]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 [selo]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 [pole]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043c [selom]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435\u043c [polem]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301 [selu], \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0301 [seli]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044e [poliu], \u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0456 [poli]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 [selo]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 [pole]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301 (aldeia)<\/th>\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 (campo)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430 [sela]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301 [polia]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u0441\u0456\u043b [sil]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0301\u0432 [poliv], \u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c [pil]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u043c [selam]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043c [poliam]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430 [sela]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301 [polia]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 [selamy]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043c\u0438 [poliamy]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0445 [selakh]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0445 [poliakh]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430 [sela]<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0301 [polia]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Os neutros costumam ficar sem termina\u00e7\u00e3o no genitivo plural. \u00c0s vezes, aparece um \u043e ou um \u0435 entre as duas \u00faltimas consoantes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0432\u0456\u0301\u043a\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447<\/strong> [vikon, oblych]
de janelas, de rostos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e1 exce\u00e7\u00f5es, como \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0435, que vira \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0432 (moriv), e \u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435, com \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0301\u0432. Tamb\u00e9m h\u00e1 uma curiosidade: \u043e\u0301\u043a\u043e (oko, “olho”) e \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0301 (pleche, “ombro”) fazem o instrumental plural em -\u0438\u043c\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0430<\/strong> [ochyma, plechyma]
com os olhos, com os ombros<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terceira e quarta declina\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na terceira declina\u00e7\u00e3o, \u043d\u0456\u0447 troca \u0456 por \u043e nas outras formas, pela regra que explicamos na ortografia do ucraniano<\/a>. J\u00e1 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 ganha -\u0435\u0440-. Na quarta, \u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 ganha -\u0435\u043d-, e muitas formas t\u00eam duas vers\u00f5es corretas. No singular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u043d\u0456\u0447 (noite)<\/th>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 (m\u00e3e)<\/th>\u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 (nome)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u043d\u0456\u0447 [nich]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 [maty]<\/td>\u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 [imia]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 [materi]<\/td>\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 [imeni], \u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 [imeny], \u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 [imia]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 [materi]<\/td>\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 [imeni], \u0456\u043c’\u044e\u0301 [imiu]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u043d\u0456\u0447 [nich]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0456\u0440 [matir]<\/td>\u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 [imia]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u043d\u0456\u0301\u0447\u0447\u044e [nichchiu]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0456\u0440’\u044e [matiriu]<\/td>\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c [imenem], \u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301\u043c [imiam]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 [materi]<\/td>\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 [imeni], \u0456\u043c’\u044e\u0301 [imiu], \u0456\u043c’\u0457\u0301 [imi]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435 [noche]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 [maty]<\/td>\u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 [imia], \u0456\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 [imene]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caso<\/th>\u043d\u0456\u0447 (noite)<\/th>\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 (m\u00e3e)<\/th>\u0456\u043c’\u044f\u0301 (nome)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0301 [materi]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301 [imena]<\/td><\/tr>
Genitivo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0301\u0439 [nochei]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0432 [materiv]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d [imen]<\/td><\/tr>
Dativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043c [nocham]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0301\u043c [materiam]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043c [imenam]<\/td><\/tr>
Acusativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0432 [materiv]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301 [imena]<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumental<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0438 [nochamy]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0301\u043c\u0438 [materiamy]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0438 [imenamy]<\/td><\/tr>
Locativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0445 [nochakh]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0301\u0445 [materiakh]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0445 [imenakh]<\/td><\/tr>
Vocativo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0456 [nochi]<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0301 [materi]<\/td>\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301 [imena]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Instrumental da terceira declina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A termina\u00e7\u00e3o do instrumental singular da terceira declina\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 -\u044e. Quando o radical termina numa s\u00f3 consoante, ela dobra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043d\u0456\u0301\u0447\u0447\u044e, \u0441\u0456\u0301\u043b\u043b\u044e, \u043c\u0456\u0301\u0434\u0434\u044e<\/strong> [nichchiu, silliu, middiu]
\u00e0 noite, com sal, com cobre<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por outro lado, a consoante n\u00e3o dobra depois de duas consoantes nem depois de \u0431, \u043f, \u0432, \u043c, \u0444, \u0440 ou \u0449. Nesses casos, a escrita usa o ap\u00f3strofo quando necess\u00e1rio:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0432’\u044e, \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0456\u0440’\u044e<\/strong> [radistiu, liuboviu, matiriu]
com alegria, com amor, com a m\u00e3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filhotes na quarta declina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na quarta declina\u00e7\u00e3o, os filhotes de animais ganham -\u044f\u0442- ou, depois de \u0436, \u0447, \u0448 e \u0449, -\u0430\u0442-. Veja as formas de \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301 (kurcha, “pintinho”):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0456, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043c<\/strong> [kurchaty, kurchati, kurcham]
do pintinho, ao pintinho, com o pintinho<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442<\/strong> [kurchata, kurchat]
os pintinhos, dos pintinhos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acusativo: seres vivos e coisas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nos masculinos da segunda declina\u00e7\u00e3o, o acusativo singular depende do sentido da palavra. Para seres vivos, ele \u00e9 igual ao genitivo. Para coisas, \u00e9 igual ao nominativo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0430<\/strong> [liubyty brata]
amar o irm\u00e3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0446\u044c<\/strong> [kupyty olivets]
comprar um l\u00e1pis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para o plural, a regra vale em todas as declina\u00e7\u00f5es. Assim, os seres vivos usam a forma do genitivo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0440<\/strong> [pobachyty sester]
ver as irm\u00e3s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1 as coisas ficam iguais ao nominativo, como \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0301 (knyzhky, “livros”) e \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0438 (mashyny, “carros”). Alguns animais dom\u00e9sticos aceitam as duas formas, mas a do genitivo \u00e9 a mais comum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0432, \u043f\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438<\/strong> [pasty koriv, pasty korovy]
pastorear as vacas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por fim, \u043b\u044e\u0301\u0434\u0438 e \u0434\u0456\u0301\u0442\u0438, plurais de \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 e \u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430, t\u00eam formas pr\u00f3prias. Tanto no genitivo quanto no acusativo, ficam \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0439 (liudei) e \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0439 (ditei). J\u00e1 no instrumental, ficam \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0301 (liudmy) e \u0434\u0456\u0301\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438 (ditmy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genitivo em -\u0430 ou em -\u0443?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os masculinos da segunda declina\u00e7\u00e3o terminados em consoante t\u00eam duas termina\u00e7\u00f5es poss\u00edveis no genitivo singular: -\u0430 (-\u044f) ou -\u0443 (-\u044e). A escolha depende do sentido da palavra. Leva -\u0430 (-\u044f) quem nomeia pessoas, animais e objetos concretos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipo de palavra<\/th>Exemplos no genitivo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
pessoas<\/td>\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f [uchytelia], \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0430 [Tarasa]<\/td><\/tr>
objetos e m\u00e1quinas<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0301 [nozha], \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0301 [litaka]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00e1rvores<\/td>\u0434\u0443\u0301\u0431\u0430 [duba]<\/td><\/tr>
unidades de medida<\/td>\u043a\u0456\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 [kilohrama]<\/td><\/tr>
dias e meses<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0430 [ponedilka]<\/td><\/tr>
moedas<\/td>\u0434\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430 [dolara]<\/td><\/tr>
partes do corpo<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0430 [nosa]<\/td><\/tr>
v\u00e1rias cidades<\/td>\u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 [Lvova], \u041a\u0438\u0301\u0454\u0432\u0430 [Kyieva]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1 leva -\u0443 (-\u044e) quem nomeia ideias, sentimentos, fen\u00f4menos e conjuntos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipo de palavra<\/th>Exemplos no genitivo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
sentimentos e doen\u00e7as<\/td>\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044e [boliu], \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0445\u0443 [strakhu]<\/td><\/tr>
fen\u00f4menos da natureza<\/td>\u0434\u043e\u0449\u0443\u0301 [doshchu], \u0432\u0456\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0443 [vitru]<\/td><\/tr>
conjuntos de \u00e1rvores<\/td>\u043b\u0456\u0301\u0441\u0443 [lisu], \u0441\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0443 [sadu]<\/td><\/tr>
institui\u00e7\u00f5es<\/td>\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0443 [universytetu], \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0301\u044e [muzeiu]<\/td><\/tr>
esportes e dan\u00e7as<\/td>\u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0443 [futbolu], \u0432\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0443 [valsu]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0s vezes, a mesma palavra muda de termina\u00e7\u00e3o conforme o sentido. \u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0434, por exemplo, \u00e9 “novembro” e tamb\u00e9m “a queda das folhas”. Como m\u00eas, o genitivo \u00e9 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0430. J\u00e1 como fen\u00f4meno da natureza, \u00e9 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0443. Os neutros e os masculinos terminados em -\u043e, por sua vez, sempre levam -\u0430 (-\u044f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fontes: Wikipedia<\/a>, Wiktionary<\/a> e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Em ucraniano, os substantivos mudam de forma conforme o papel que t\u00eam na frase. Essas formas se chamam casos, e o ucraniano tem sete. Neste artigo, veja para que servem os casos em ucraniano e como os substantivos se declinam. Para o g\u00eanero das palavras, veja os g\u00eaneros em ucraniano. Para o plural, veja o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica"],"yoast_head":"\nCasos em ucraniano e declina\u00e7\u00f5es • Aprender Ucraniano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Entenda os casos em ucraniano: para que serve cada um dos sete, as quatro declina\u00e7\u00f5es com tabelas e quando o genitivo termina em -\u0430 ou em -\u0443.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-ucraniano\/casos-em-ucraniano\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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