{"id":1035,"date":"2026-10-03T10:54:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/?p=1035"},"modified":"2026-10-03T10:54:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:54:54","slug":"verbos-em-russo-passado-futuro-e-aspecto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/verbos-em-russo-passado-futuro-e-aspecto\/","title":{"rendered":"Verbos (\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b) em russo: passado, futuro e aspecto"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

O russo tem s\u00f3 tr\u00eas tempos verbais, presente, passado e futuro, mas quase todo verbo existe em dois aspectos: o imperfectivo e o perfectivo. O aspecto verbal em russo mostra se a a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 vista como um processo ou como algo conclu\u00eddo, e muda a forma de fazer o futuro. Esta \u00e9 a segunda parte do artigo sobre verbos; a primeira, “Verbos em russo: presente e as duas conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>“, mostra o presente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O passado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O passado \u00e9 o tempo mais simples: troca-se o -\u0442\u044c<\/strong> do infinitivo por -\u043b<\/strong>, e o verbo concorda com o g\u00eanero e o n\u00famero do sujeito, e n\u00e3o com a pessoa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sujeito<\/th>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c (jogar, brincar)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
masculino (\u044f, \u0442\u044b, \u043e\u043d)<\/td>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b [igr\u00e1l]<\/td><\/tr>
feminino (\u044f, \u0442\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u0430)<\/td>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 [igr\u00e1la]<\/td><\/tr>
neutro (\u043e\u043d\u043e)<\/td>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e [igr\u00e1la]<\/td><\/tr>
plural (\u043c\u044b, \u0432\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u0438)<\/td>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 [igr\u00e1li]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Por isso, um homem diz \u044f \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b<\/strong>, e uma mulher, \u044f \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/strong>. Essa concord\u00e2ncia vem da origem do passado russo, que era um partic\u00edpio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alguns verbos t\u00eam passado irregular. \u0418\u0434\u0442\u0438<\/strong> (ir a p\u00e9) faz \u0448\u0451\u043b<\/strong> [shol], \u0448\u043b\u0430<\/strong> [shla], \u0448\u043b\u0438<\/strong> [shli]; \u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c<\/strong> (poder) faz \u043c\u043e\u0433<\/strong> [mok], \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430<\/strong> [magl\u00e1], \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438<\/strong> [magl\u00ed].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O aspecto: imperfectivo e perfectivo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O imperfectivo apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como processo, h\u00e1bito ou repeti\u00e7\u00e3o, sem focar no resultado. O perfectivo apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como um todo, conclu\u00edda, com resultado:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/strong> [ya pis\u00e1l pis’m\u00f3]
Eu estava escrevendo uma carta (imperfectivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/strong> [ya napis\u00e1l pis’m\u00f3]
Eu escrevi a carta, ela est\u00e1 pronta (perfectivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os verbos formam pares. \u00c0s vezes, o perfectivo ganha um prefixo; outras vezes, muda o sufixo; e alguns pares s\u00e3o palavras diferentes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imperfectivo<\/th>Perfectivo<\/th>Portugu\u00eas<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c [dy\u00e9lat’]<\/td>\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c [zdy\u00e9lat’]<\/td>fazer<\/td><\/tr>
\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c [pis\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c [napis\u00e1t’]<\/td>escrever<\/td><\/tr>
\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c [chit\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c [prachit\u00e1t’]<\/td>ler<\/td><\/tr>
\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c [pakup\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c [kup\u00edt’]<\/td>comprar<\/td><\/tr>
\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [dav\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c [dat’]<\/td>dar<\/td><\/tr>
\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c [gavar\u00edt’]<\/td>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c [skaz\u00e1t’]<\/td>falar, dizer<\/td><\/tr>
\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c [brat’]<\/td>\u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c [vzyat’]<\/td>pegar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nos dicion\u00e1rios, os verbos aparecem marcados como imperfectivos ou perfectivos, e vale aprender sempre os dois verbos do par.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os dois futuros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os verbos imperfectivos formam o futuro com \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (ser, estar) no futuro, mais o infinitivo. Indica uma a\u00e7\u00e3o que vai estar em andamento ou que vai se repetir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pronome<\/th>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c no futuro<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u044f<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 [b\u00fadu]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0442\u044b<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c [b\u00fadesh’]<\/td><\/tr>
\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u043e<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 [b\u00fadet]<\/td><\/tr>
\u043c\u044b<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c [b\u00fadem]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0432\u044b<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 [b\u00fadetye]<\/td><\/tr>
\u043e\u043d\u0438<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 [b\u00fadut]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [ya b\u00fadu pis\u00e1t’]
Eu vou escrever (vou estar escrevendo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os verbos perfectivos n\u00e3o t\u00eam presente. Quando s\u00e3o conjugados como se fosse o presente, o resultado j\u00e1 \u00e9 o futuro, de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o que vai ser conclu\u00edda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443<\/strong> [ya napish\u00fa]
Eu vou escrever (e terminar)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u0434\u0430\u043c<\/strong> [ya dam]
Eu vou dar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0443<\/strong> [ya vaz’m\u00fa]
Eu vou pegar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por isso, n\u00e3o se diz “\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c”: \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong> s\u00f3 acompanha verbos imperfectivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O imperativo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O imperativo tem uma forma para \u0442\u044b<\/strong> e outra, com -\u0442\u0435<\/strong>, para \u0432\u044b<\/strong>, que tamb\u00e9m serve para tratar uma pessoa com formalidade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infinitivo<\/th>\u0442\u044b<\/th>\u0432\u044b<\/th>Portugu\u00eas<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c [chit\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 [chit\u00e1y]<\/td>\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 [chit\u00e1ytye]<\/td>leia<\/td><\/tr>
\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c [gavar\u00edt’]<\/td>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 [gavar\u00ed]<\/td>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 [gavar\u00edtye]<\/td>fale<\/td><\/tr>
\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c [pis\u00e1t’]<\/td>\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438 [pish\u00fd]<\/td>\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 [pish\u00fdtye]<\/td>escreva<\/td><\/tr>
\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c [dat’]<\/td>\u0434\u0430\u0439 [day]<\/td>\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 [d\u00e1ytye]<\/td>d\u00ea<\/td><\/tr>
\u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c [vzyat’]<\/td>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438 [vaz’m\u00ed]<\/td>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 [vaz’m\u00edtye]<\/td>pegue<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/strong> [d\u00e1ytye, pazh\u00e1lusta, vad\u00fd]
D\u00ea-me um pouco de \u00e1gua, por favor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verbos de movimento<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os verbos de movimento s\u00e3o um grupo \u00e0 parte. Eles mudam conforme o meio, a p\u00e9 ou de transporte, e conforme o tipo de movimento: um trajeto numa dire\u00e7\u00e3o, acontecendo agora, ou idas e vindas, como h\u00e1bito:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/th>Uma dire\u00e7\u00e3o, agora<\/th>Idas e vindas, h\u00e1bito<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
a p\u00e9<\/td>\u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 [itt\u00ed]: \u0438\u0434\u0443 [id\u00fa]<\/td>\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c [khad\u00edt’]: \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0443 [khazh\u00fa]<\/td><\/tr>
de transporte<\/td>\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c [y\u00e9khat’]: \u0435\u0434\u0443 [y\u00e9du]<\/td>\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c [y\u00e9zdit’]: \u0435\u0437\u0436\u0443 [y\u00e9zhu]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443<\/strong> [ya id\u00fa f shk\u00f3lu]
Estou indo para a escola (agora)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443<\/strong> [ya khazh\u00fa f shk\u00f3lu]
Eu vou \u00e0 escola (todo dia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [pay\u00e9khat’] \u00e9 o perfectivo de \u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>: \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b<\/strong> quer dizer “eu fui” ou “eu parti”, de carro ou de outro transporte, e n\u00e3o “eu dirigi”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para continuar, veja as 10 raz\u00f5es pelas quais o russo \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil do que parece<\/a>, entre elas os poucos tempos verbais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fontes: MyLanguages<\/a>, Wikipedia<\/a> (em ingl\u00eas, sobre o passado, o futuro e os verbos de movimento) e Wiktionary<\/a> (tabelas de conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O russo tem s\u00f3 tr\u00eas tempos verbais, presente, passado e futuro, mas quase todo verbo existe em dois aspectos: o imperfectivo e o perfectivo. O aspecto verbal em russo mostra se a a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 vista como um processo ou como algo conclu\u00eddo, e muda a forma de fazer o futuro. Esta \u00e9 a segunda parte<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[91],"class_list":["post-1035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica","tag-verbos"],"yoast_head":"\nVerbos (\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b) em russo: passado, futuro e aspecto • Aprender Russo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aspecto verbal em russo: o passado por g\u00eanero, os pares imperfectivo e perfectivo, os dois futuros, o imperativo e os verbos de movimento.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/verbos-em-russo-passado-futuro-e-aspecto\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta 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