{"id":1032,"date":"2026-10-03T10:42:19","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/?p=1032"},"modified":"2026-10-03T10:42:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:42:19","slug":"o-russo-tem-generos-como-o-espanhol-ou-frances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/o-russo-tem-generos-como-o-espanhol-ou-frances\/","title":{"rendered":"O russo tem g\u00eaneros como o espanhol ou franc\u00eas?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sim, e tem tr\u00eas. Como o espanhol e o franc\u00eas, o russo tem o masculino e o feminino, mas tem tamb\u00e9m um terceiro g\u00eanero, o neutro. Os g\u00eaneros em russo valem para pessoas, animais e coisas, e mudam a forma dos adjetivos, dos pronomes e at\u00e9 dos verbos no passado. G\u00eanero, em russo, \u00e9 \u0440\u043e\u0434<\/strong> [rot]: \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> [mushsk\u00f3y] (masculino), \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> [zh\u00e9nskiy] (feminino) e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> [sry\u00e9dniy] (neutro).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O g\u00eanero das pessoas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Com pessoas e animais, o g\u00eanero costuma acompanhar o sexo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masculino<\/th>Feminino<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 [mushch\u00edna], homem<\/td>\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 [zh\u00e9nshchina], mulher<\/td><\/tr>
\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 [aty\u00e9ts], pai<\/td>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c [mat’], m\u00e3e<\/td><\/tr>
\u0441\u044b\u043d [syn], filho<\/td>\u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c [doch’], filha<\/td><\/tr>
\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 [brat], irm\u00e3o<\/td>\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 [sistr\u00e1], irm\u00e3<\/td><\/tr>
\u0434\u044f\u0434\u044f [dy\u00e1dya], tio<\/td>\u0442\u0451\u0442\u044f [ty\u00f3tya], tia<\/td><\/tr>
\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a [m\u00e1l’chik], menino<\/td>\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 [dy\u00e9vachka], menina<\/td><\/tr>
\u0431\u044b\u043a [byk], touro<\/td>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 [kar\u00f3va], vaca<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Repare que \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong> e \u0434\u044f\u0434\u044f<\/strong> terminam em -\u0430 e -\u044f, que s\u00e3o termina\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00edpicas do feminino, mas s\u00e3o masculinos porque designam homens. O mesmo vale para \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430<\/strong> [p\u00e1pa] (pai) e \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430<\/strong> [dy\u00e9dushka] (av\u00f4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O g\u00eanero das coisas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Com as coisas, o g\u00eanero n\u00e3o tem rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o sentido, e muitas vezes n\u00e3o coincide com o do portugu\u00eas: \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/strong> [tary\u00e9lka] (prato) \u00e9 feminino, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d<\/strong> [stak\u00e1n] (copo) \u00e9 masculino, e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e<\/strong> [akn\u00f3] (janela) \u00e9 neutro. Na maioria das vezes, a termina\u00e7\u00e3o mostra o g\u00eanero:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00eanero<\/th>Termina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Exemplo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
masculino<\/td>consoante, -\u0439<\/td>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b [stol], mesa<\/td><\/tr>
feminino<\/td>-\u0430, -\u044f<\/td>\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430 [l\u00e1mpa], lumin\u00e1ria<\/td><\/tr>
neutro<\/td>-\u043e, -\u0435<\/td>\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e [pis’m\u00f3], carta<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Os substantivos em -\u044c<\/strong> podem ser masculinos ou femininos, e o g\u00eanero precisa ser memorizado: \u0448\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043d\u044c<\/strong> [shamp\u00fan’] (xampu) \u00e9 masculino, e \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [krav\u00e1t’] (cama) \u00e9 feminino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como formar o feminino<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Muitos nomes de nacionalidades e ocupa\u00e7\u00f5es formam o feminino com o sufixo -\u043a\u0430<\/strong>. Quando o masculino termina em -\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/strong>, o feminino termina em -\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masculino<\/th>Feminino<\/th>Portugu\u00eas<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446 [amirik\u00e1nits]<\/td>\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 [amirik\u00e1nka]<\/td>americano, americana<\/td><\/tr>
\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 [pinsiany\u00e9r]<\/td>\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 [pinsiany\u00e9rka]<\/td>aposentado, aposentada<\/td><\/tr>
\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a [nach\u00e1l’nik]<\/td>\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 [nach\u00e1l’nitsa]<\/td>chefe<\/td><\/tr>
\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a [pravadn\u00edk]<\/td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 [pravadn\u00edtsa]<\/td>comiss\u00e1rio de trem, comiss\u00e1ria<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Algumas profiss\u00f5es n\u00e3o t\u00eam forma feminina de uso geral. Uma m\u00e9dica, por exemplo, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447<\/strong> [vrach]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447<\/strong> [an\u00e1 vrach]
Ela \u00e9 m\u00e9dica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que muda com o g\u00eanero<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os pronomes<\/a> acompanham o g\u00eanero at\u00e9 para coisas. Uma mesa \u00e9 “ele”, e uma lumin\u00e1ria \u00e9 “ela”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b? \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043c<\/strong> [gdye stol? on tam]
Onde est\u00e1 a mesa? Est\u00e1 l\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430? \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043c<\/strong> [gdye l\u00e1mpa? an\u00e1 tam]
Onde est\u00e1 a lumin\u00e1ria? Est\u00e1 l\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os adjetivos<\/a> concordam com o substantivo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u043d<\/strong> [khar\u00f3shyy syn]
bom filho<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [mnagady\u00e9tnaya mat’]
m\u00e3e de fam\u00edlia numerosa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A forma curta dos adjetivos tamb\u00e9m muda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u043d \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432<\/strong> [on shch\u00e1sliv]
Ele est\u00e1 feliz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430<\/strong> [an\u00e1 shch\u00e1sliva]
Ela est\u00e1 feliz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E, diferente do portugu\u00eas, o verbo no passado<\/a> concorda com o g\u00eanero de quem faz a a\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b \u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> [m\u00e1l’chik pash\u00f3l guly\u00e1t’ s sab\u00e1kay]
O menino foi passear com o cachorro<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> [dy\u00e9vachka pashl\u00e1 guly\u00e1t’ s sab\u00e1kay]
A menina foi passear com o cachorro<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teste: qual \u00e9 o g\u00eanero?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Antes de olhar a terceira coluna, tente adivinhar o g\u00eanero de cada palavra pela termina\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portugu\u00eas<\/th>Russo<\/th>G\u00eanero<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
cama<\/td>\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [krav\u00e1t’]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
quarto<\/td>\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044f [sp\u00e1l’nya]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
teto<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a [patal\u00f3k]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
cadeira<\/td>\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b [stul]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
roupa<\/td>\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 [ady\u00e9zhda]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
casaco<\/td>\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e [pal’t\u00f3]<\/td>neutro<\/td><\/tr>
caneca<\/td>\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430 [kr\u00fashka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
vestido<\/td>\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 [pl\u00e1t’ye]<\/td>neutro<\/td><\/tr>
garfo<\/td>\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 [v\u00edlka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
chap\u00e9u<\/td>\u0448\u043b\u044f\u043f\u0430 [shly\u00e1pa]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
casa<\/td>\u0434\u043e\u043c [dom]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
jaqueta<\/td>\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430 [k\u00fartka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
cozinha<\/td>\u043a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u044f [k\u00fakhnya]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
faca<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0436 [nosh]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
mapa<\/td>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 [k\u00e1rta]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
jornal<\/td>\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 [gazy\u00e9ta]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
caderno<\/td>\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0442 [blakn\u00f3t]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
papel<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 [bum\u00e1ga]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
caneta<\/td>\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 [r\u00fachka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
farm\u00e1cia<\/td>\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 [apty\u00e9ka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
geladeira<\/td>\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a [khalad\u00edl’nik]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
telhado<\/td>\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0430 [kr\u00fdsha]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
tapete<\/td>\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0451\u0440 [kavy\u00f3r]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
camisa<\/td>\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 [rub\u00e1shka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
cal\u00e7ados<\/td>\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0432\u044c [\u00f3buf’]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
sabonete<\/td>\u043c\u044b\u043b\u043e [m\u00fdla]<\/td>neutro<\/td><\/tr>
colher<\/td>\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0430 [l\u00f3shka]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
toalha<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435 [palaty\u00e9ntse]<\/td>neutro<\/td><\/tr>
guarda-chuva<\/td>\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a [z\u00f3ntik]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
parede<\/td>\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 [stin\u00e1]<\/td>feminino<\/td><\/tr>
carteira<\/td>\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a [bum\u00e1zhnik]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
telefone<\/td>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d [tilif\u00f3n]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
ch\u00e3o<\/td>\u043f\u043e\u043b [pol]<\/td>masculino<\/td><\/tr>
cal\u00e7a<\/td>\u0431\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0438 [bry\u00faki]<\/td>s\u00f3 plural<\/td><\/tr>
tesoura<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b [n\u00f3zhnitsy]<\/td>s\u00f3 plural<\/td><\/tr>
meias<\/td>\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438 [nask\u00ed]<\/td>s\u00f3 plural<\/td><\/tr>
tinta de caneta<\/td>\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 [chirn\u00edla]<\/td>s\u00f3 plural<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Duas palavras enganam: \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e<\/strong> \u00e9 neutro e n\u00e3o muda de forma, porque veio do franc\u00eas paletot<\/em>, e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0432\u044c<\/strong> \u00e9 feminino, apesar de terminar em -\u044c. As quatro \u00faltimas s\u00f3 existem no plural, e por isso n\u00e3o t\u00eam g\u00eanero no singular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para continuar, veja as 10 raz\u00f5es pelas quais o russo \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil do que parece<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fontes: MyLanguages<\/a>, Wikipedia<\/a> e Wiktionary<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sim, e tem tr\u00eas. Como o espanhol e o franc\u00eas, o russo tem o masculino e o feminino, mas tem tamb\u00e9m um terceiro g\u00eanero, o neutro. Os g\u00eaneros em russo valem para pessoas, animais e coisas, e mudam a forma dos adjetivos, dos pronomes e at\u00e9 dos verbos no passado. G\u00eanero, em russo, \u00e9 \u0440\u043e\u0434<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-qa"],"yoast_head":"\nO russo tem g\u00eaneros como o espanhol ou franc\u00eas? • Aprender Russo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"G\u00eaneros em russo: o russo tem masculino, feminino e neutro. 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