{"id":1026,"date":"2026-10-03T10:42:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/?p=1026"},"modified":"2026-10-03T10:43:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:43:08","slug":"substantivos-em-russo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/substantivos-em-russo\/","title":{"rendered":"Substantivos (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435) em russo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substantivo em russo \u00e9 <strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/strong> [sushchistv\u00edtil&#8217;naye]. Os substantivos em russo t\u00eam g\u00eanero, n\u00famero e caso: a mesma palavra muda de termina\u00e7\u00e3o conforme a fun\u00e7\u00e3o na frase. Este artigo mostra como reconhecer o g\u00eanero, como formar <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/plural-em-russo\/\">o plural<\/a>, o que muda entre seres vivos e coisas e o que acontece com o substantivo depois dos n\u00fameros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-os-tres-generos\">Os tr\u00eas g\u00eaneros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O russo tem tr\u00eas g\u00eaneros: masculino, feminino e neutro. Na maioria das vezes, a termina\u00e7\u00e3o da palavra no dicion\u00e1rio mostra o g\u00eanero:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>G\u00eanero<\/th><th>Termina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th>Exemplos<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>masculino<\/td><td>consoante, -\u0439 ou -\u044c<\/td><td>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b [stol] (mesa), \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 [muzy\u00e9y] (museu), \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c [dyen&#8217;] (dia)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>feminino<\/td><td>-\u0430, -\u044f ou -\u044c<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 [kn\u00edga] (livro), \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f [nidy\u00e9lya] (semana), \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c [noch&#8217;] (noite)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>neutro<\/td><td>-\u043e, -\u0435 ou -\u043c\u044f<\/td><td>\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e [akn\u00f3] (janela), \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 [m\u00f3rye] (mar), \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f [vry\u00e9mya] (tempo)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Repare que o g\u00eanero nem sempre coincide com o do portugu\u00eas: <strong>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/strong> (livro) \u00e9 feminino, e <strong>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b<\/strong> (mesa) \u00e9 masculino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A termina\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>-\u044c<\/strong> aparece nos dois g\u00eaneros: <strong>\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/strong> (dia) e <strong>\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/strong> [slav\u00e1r&#8217;] (dicion\u00e1rio) s\u00e3o masculinos, mas <strong>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c<\/strong> (noite) e <strong>\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [mat&#8217;] (m\u00e3e) s\u00e3o femininos. Nesses casos, o g\u00eanero precisa ser memorizado junto com a palavra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas palavras terminadas em -\u0430 que designam homens s\u00e3o masculinas, e os adjetivos concordam no masculino:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430<\/strong> [moy p\u00e1pa]<br>meu pai<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O mesmo vale para <strong>\u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430<\/strong> [dy\u00e9dushka] (av\u00f4) e <strong>\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong> [mushch\u00edna] (homem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O g\u00eanero importa porque os <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/adjetivos-em-russo\/\">adjetivos<\/a> e os possessivos concordam com ele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c<\/strong> [moy aftamab\u00edl&#8217;]<br>meu carro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c<\/strong> [zily\u00f3nyy aftamab\u00edl&#8217;]<br>carro verde<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para &#8220;carro&#8221;, o russo tem duas palavras: <strong>\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c<\/strong> [aftamab\u00edl&#8217;], mais formal, e <strong>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong> [mash\u00fdna], a mais usada no dia a dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-plural\">O plural<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na maioria dos substantivos masculinos e femininos, o plural termina em <strong>-\u044b<\/strong> ou <strong>-\u0438<\/strong>. Usa-se -\u0438 depois das letras \u0433, \u043a, \u0445, \u0436, \u0448, \u0449, \u0447 e no lugar de -\u0439, -\u044c e -\u044f. Os neutros fazem o plural em <strong>-\u0430<\/strong> ou <strong>-\u044f<\/strong>. Muitas vezes a s\u00edlaba t\u00f4nica tamb\u00e9m muda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Singular<\/th><th>Plural<\/th><th>Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b [stol]<\/td><td>\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b [stal\u00fd]<\/td><td>mesa, mesas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 [kn\u00edga]<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 [kn\u00edgi]<\/td><td>livro, livros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f [nidy\u00e9lya]<\/td><td>\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 [nidy\u00e9li]<\/td><td>semana, semanas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c [noch&#8217;]<\/td><td>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438 [n\u00f3chi]<\/td><td>noite, noites<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e [akn\u00f3]<\/td><td>\u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 [\u00f3kna]<\/td><td>janela, janelas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 [m\u00f3rye]<\/td><td>\u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f [mary\u00e1]<\/td><td>mar, mares<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alguns plurais s\u00e3o irregulares e precisam ser memorizados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Singular<\/th><th>Plural<\/th><th>Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0434\u043e\u043c [dom]<\/td><td>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 [dam\u00e1]<\/td><td>casa, casas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 [brat]<\/td><td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f [br\u00e1t&#8217;ya]<\/td><td>irm\u00e3o, irm\u00e3os<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a [chilavy\u00e9k]<\/td><td>\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 [ly\u00fadi]<\/td><td>pessoa, pessoas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043e\u043a [riby\u00f3nak]<\/td><td>\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438 [dy\u00e9ti]<\/td><td>crian\u00e7a, crian\u00e7as<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-seres-vivos-e-coisas\">Seres vivos e coisas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O russo separa os substantivos animados (pessoas e animais) dos inanimados (coisas e ideias). A diferen\u00e7a aparece no acusativo, o caso do objeto direto. Nos masculinos, o substantivo inanimado fica igual ao nominativo, e o animado fica igual ao genitivo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u042f \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b<\/strong> [ya v\u00edzhu stol]<br>Eu vejo a mesa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u042f \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/strong> [ya v\u00edzhu br\u00e1ta]<br>Eu vejo o irm\u00e3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No plural, a mesma regra vale para os tr\u00eas g\u00eaneros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-os-casos\">Os casos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al\u00e9m do g\u00eanero e do n\u00famero, o substantivo muda conforme o caso, que mostra a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dele na frase. Veja <strong>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/strong> (livro) nos seis casos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Caso<\/th><th>Forma<\/th><th>Exemplo de uso<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominativo<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 [kn\u00edga]<\/td><td>sujeito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genitivo<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 [kn\u00edgi]<\/td><td>posse, &#8220;de&#8221;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dativo<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 [kn\u00edgye]<\/td><td>objeto indireto, &#8220;para&#8221;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acusativo<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 [kn\u00edgu]<\/td><td>objeto direto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Instrumental<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0439 [kn\u00edgay]<\/td><td>&#8220;com&#8221;, meio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prepositivo<\/td><td>\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 [kn\u00edgye]<\/td><td>&#8220;sobre&#8221;, &#8220;em&#8221;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os usos de cada caso e as termina\u00e7\u00f5es dos outros grupos est\u00e3o no artigo sobre os <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/casos-gramaticais-da-lingua-russa\/\">casos gramaticais da l\u00edngua russa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/strong> [snar\u00fazhi mash\u00fdny]<br>do lado de fora do carro (\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 no genitivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-substantivos-depois-dos-numeros\">Substantivos depois dos n\u00fameros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depois de <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/numeros-em-russo\/\">um n\u00famero<\/a>, o substantivo tamb\u00e9m muda. Com 1 (e com 21, 31 e assim por diante), ele fica no nominativo singular. Com 2, 3 e 4, vai para o genitivo singular. De 5 a 20, vai para o genitivo plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c<\/strong> [ad\u00edn aftamab\u00edl&#8217;]<br>um carro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044f<\/strong> [tri aftamab\u00edlya]<br>tr\u00eas carros<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/strong> [pyat&#8217; aftamab\u00edley]<br>cinco carros<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para continuar, veja as <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/10-dicas-pra-voce-comecar-a-aprender-russo\/\">10 raz\u00f5es pelas quais o russo \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil do que parece<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: <a href=\"https:\/\/mylanguages.org\/russian_nouns.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MyLanguages<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_grammar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wiktionary<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Substantivo em russo \u00e9 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 [sushchistv\u00edtil&#8217;naye]. Os substantivos em russo t\u00eam g\u00eanero, n\u00famero e caso: a mesma palavra muda de termina\u00e7\u00e3o conforme a fun\u00e7\u00e3o na frase. Este artigo mostra como reconhecer o g\u00eanero, como formar o plural, o que muda entre seres vivos e coisas e o que acontece com o substantivo depois dos n\u00fameros.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Substantivos (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435) em russo &#8226; Aprender Russo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Substantivos em russo: os tr\u00eas g\u00eaneros, como formar o plural, seres vivos e coisas, os casos e o que muda no substantivo depois dos n\u00fameros.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-russo\/substantivos-em-russo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Substantivos (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435) em russo &#8226; 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