{"id":370,"date":"2026-10-05T23:44:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T02:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/?p=370"},"modified":"2026-10-05T23:44:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T02:44:15","slug":"substantivos-em-mandarim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/substantivos-em-mandarim\/","title":{"rendered":"Substantivos (\u540d\u8bcd) em mandarim"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substantivo em chin\u00eas \u00e9 <strong>\u540d\u8bcd<\/strong> [m\u00edngc\u00ed]. Os substantivos em mandarim n\u00e3o mudam de forma: n\u00e3o h\u00e1 plural nem artigo, e <strong>\u4e66<\/strong> [sh\u016b] pode ser &#8220;livro&#8221;, &#8220;o livro&#8221;, &#8220;um livro&#8221; ou &#8220;livros&#8221;. O que muda \u00e9 o que vem antes do substantivo. Este artigo mostra como contar com os classificadores, como fazer o plural de pessoas com <strong>\u4eec<\/strong> e como indicar posse com <strong>\u7684<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sem-plural-e-sem-artigo\">Sem plural e sem artigo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O substantivo \u00e9 igual no singular e no plural. Sem um n\u00famero, o contexto mostra se \u00e9 um ou v\u00e1rios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u72d7\u3002<\/strong> [w\u01d2 x\u01d0huan g\u01d2u]<br>Eu gosto de cachorros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u624b\u6307<\/strong> [sh\u01d2uzh\u01d0]<br>dedo, dedos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o existe artigo. Quando \u00e9 preciso dizer &#8220;um&#8221;, usa-se <strong>\u4e00<\/strong> [y\u012b] com o classificador:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/strong> [w\u01d2 y\u01d2u y\u00ed g\u00e8 p\u00e9ngyou]<br>Eu tenho um amigo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-os-classificadores\">Os classificadores<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre o n\u00famero e o substantivo vem um classificador, <strong>\u91cf\u8bcd<\/strong> [li\u00e0ngc\u00ed]. Funciona como a palavra &#8220;garrafa&#8221; em &#8220;duas garrafas de vinho&#8221;, mas \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio com quase todos os substantivos. Cada substantivo combina com um ou poucos classificadores:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e09\u8f86\u8f66<\/strong> [s\u0101n li\u00e0ng ch\u0113]<br>tr\u00eas carros<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e00\u672c\u4e66<\/strong> [y\u00ec b\u011bn sh\u016b]<br>um livro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e00\u74f6\u9152<\/strong> [y\u00ec p\u00edng ji\u01d4]<br>uma garrafa de bebida<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes do classificador, <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/numeros-em-mandarim\/#h-liang-ou-er\">o n\u00famero 2<\/a> \u00e9 <strong>\u4e24<\/strong> [li\u01ceng], e n\u00e3o <strong>\u4e8c<\/strong> [\u00e8r]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba<\/strong> [li\u01ceng g\u00e8 r\u00e9n]<br>duas pessoas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os classificadores mais comuns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Classificador<\/th><th>Usado para<\/th><th>Exemplo<\/th><th>Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u4e2a [g\u00e8]<\/td><td>pessoas e o que n\u00e3o tem classificador pr\u00f3prio<\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba [y\u00ed g\u00e8 r\u00e9n]<\/td><td>uma pessoa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u672c [b\u011bn]<\/td><td>livros e revistas<\/td><td>\u4e00\u672c\u4e66 [y\u00ec b\u011bn sh\u016b]<\/td><td>um livro<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8f86 [li\u00e0ng]<\/td><td>ve\u00edculos com rodas<\/td><td>\u4e09\u8f86\u8f66 [s\u0101n li\u00e0ng ch\u0113]<\/td><td>tr\u00eas carros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53ea [zh\u012b]<\/td><td>aves e alguns animais; um de um par<\/td><td>\u4e00\u53ea\u732b [y\u00ec zh\u012b m\u0101o]<\/td><td>um gato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5f20 [zh\u0101ng]<\/td><td>coisas planas<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247 [y\u00ec zh\u0101ng zh\u00e0opi\u00e0n]<\/td><td>uma foto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6761 [ti\u00e1o]<\/td><td>coisas compridas e finas<\/td><td>\u4e24\u6761\u86c7 [li\u01ceng ti\u00e1o sh\u00e9]<\/td><td>duas cobras<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u628a [b\u01ce]<\/td><td>coisas com cabo ou al\u00e7a<\/td><td>\u4e00\u628a\u4f1e [y\u00ec b\u01ce s\u01cen]<\/td><td>um guarda-chuva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u676f [b\u0113i]<\/td><td>copos de bebida<\/td><td>\u4e00\u676f\u9152 [y\u00ec b\u0113i ji\u01d4]<\/td><td>um copo de bebida<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na conversa informal, <strong>\u4e2a<\/strong> serve para a maioria dos substantivos, mas n\u00e3o para todos: <strong>\u4e24\u4e2a\u9152<\/strong> est\u00e1 errado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O classificador \u00e0s vezes mostra como o objeto \u00e9 visto. A mesa, <strong>\u684c\u5b50<\/strong> [zhu\u014dzi], leva <strong>\u5f20<\/strong> por causa do tampo plano, e a cadeira, <strong>\u6905\u5b50<\/strong> [y\u01d0zi], leva <strong>\u628a<\/strong>, porque pode ser levantada pelo encosto, como se fosse uma al\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-este-aquele-e-quantos\">Este, aquele e quantos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depois de <strong>\u8fd9<\/strong> [zh\u00e8] (este) e <strong>\u90a3<\/strong> [n\u00e0] (aquele), o classificador \u00e9 opcional:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66<\/strong> [zh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b]<br>este livro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u90a3\u8f86\u8f66<\/strong> [n\u00e0 li\u00e0ng ch\u0113]<br>aquele carro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para o plural, junta-se <strong>\u4e9b<\/strong> [xi\u0113], sem classificador:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66<\/strong> [zh\u00e8xi\u0113 sh\u016b]<br>estes livros<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba<\/strong> [n\u00e0xi\u0113 r\u00e9n]<br>aquelas pessoas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00e1 <strong>\u51e0<\/strong> [j\u01d0] (quantos) pede classificador:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4f60\u6709\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\uff1f<\/strong> [n\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 b\u011bn sh\u016b]<br>Quantos livros voc\u00ea tem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-plural-de-pessoas-com-men\">O plural de pessoas com \u4eec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4eec<\/strong> [men] forma o <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/pronomes-em-mandarim\/\">plural dos pronomes<\/a> (<strong>\u6211\u4eec<\/strong> [w\u01d2men], &#8220;n\u00f3s&#8221;) e pode ser usado com substantivos que indicam pessoas, sobretudo os de duas s\u00edlabas. Com substantivos, \u00e9 opcional:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u670b\u53cb\u4eec<\/strong> [p\u00e9ngyoumen]<br>amigos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nunca se usa <strong>\u4eec<\/strong> depois de um n\u00famero: diz-se <strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb<\/strong> [s\u0101n g\u00e8 p\u00e9ngyou], &#8220;tr\u00eas amigos&#8221;, e n\u00e3o \u4e09\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u4eec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para coisas e <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/animais-em-mandarim\/\">animais<\/a>, o plural \u00e9 <strong>\u5b83\u4eec<\/strong> [t\u0101men], de <strong>\u5b83<\/strong> [t\u0101] (ele, ela). Nos caracteres simplificados, <strong>\u5b83<\/strong> serve tanto para coisas quanto para animais:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5b83\u4eec<\/strong> [t\u0101men]<br>eles, elas (coisas e animais)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-posse-com-de\">Posse com \u7684<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A posse se indica com <strong>\u7684<\/strong> [de] depois de quem possui:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6211\u7684\u8f66<\/strong> [w\u01d2 de ch\u0113]<br>meu carro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u4e66<\/strong> [l\u01ceosh\u012b de sh\u016b]<br>o livro do professor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com parentes, o <strong>\u7684<\/strong> pode cair:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6211\u5988\u5988<\/strong> [w\u01d2 m\u0101ma]<br>minha m\u00e3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tudo o que descreve o substantivo vem antes dele, como em <strong>\u7eff\u8272\u6c7d\u8f66<\/strong> [l\u01dcs\u00e8 q\u00ecch\u0113], &#8220;carro verde&#8221;. Por isso &#8220;o lado de fora do carro&#8221; come\u00e7a pelo carro:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8f66\u7684\u5916\u9762<\/strong> [ch\u0113 de w\u00e0imi\u00e0n]<br>o lado de fora do carro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-como-se-formam-os-substantivos\">Como se formam os substantivos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muitos substantivos juntam duas palavras. <strong>\u8f66\u5e93<\/strong> [ch\u0113k\u00f9], &#8220;garagem&#8221;, junta <strong>\u8f66<\/strong> (carro) e <strong>\u5e93<\/strong> (dep\u00f3sito).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outros levam o sufixo <strong>\u5b50<\/strong> [zi], sem tom, que se acrescenta a muitas palavras de uma s\u00edlaba:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9f3b\u5b50<\/strong> [b\u00edzi]<br>nariz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u684c\u5b50<\/strong> [zhu\u014dzi]<br>mesa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6905\u5b50<\/strong> [y\u01d0zi]<br>cadeira<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para continuar, veja o <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/uso-do-verbo-you-ter-em-mandarim\/\">uso do verbo \u6709 em mandarim<\/a>, com mais exemplos de classificadores, e as <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-mandarim\/palavras-e-frases-basicas-em-chines-que-todo-iniciante-deve-aprender\/\">palavras e frases b\u00e1sicas em chin\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: <a href=\"https:\/\/mylanguages.org\/chinese_nouns.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MyLanguages<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_grammar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wiktionary<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Substantivo em chin\u00eas \u00e9 \u540d\u8bcd [m\u00edngc\u00ed]. Os substantivos em mandarim n\u00e3o mudam de forma: n\u00e3o h\u00e1 plural nem artigo, e \u4e66 [sh\u016b] pode ser &#8220;livro&#8221;, &#8220;o livro&#8221;, &#8220;um livro&#8221; ou &#8220;livros&#8221;. O que muda \u00e9 o que vem antes do substantivo. Este artigo mostra como contar com os classificadores, como fazer o plural de pessoas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Substantivos (\u540d\u8bcd) em mandarim &#8226; Aprender Mandarim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aprenda os substantivos em mandarim: sem plural nem artigo, classificadores como \u4e2a, \u672c e \u8f86, plural de pessoas com \u4eec e posse com \u7684.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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