{"id":183,"date":"2026-10-06T11:52:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T14:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-japones\/?p=183"},"modified":"2026-10-06T11:52:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T14:52:05","slug":"alfabeto-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-japones\/alfabeto-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Alfabeto japon\u00eas: hiragana, katakana e kanji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O alfabeto japon\u00eas, na verdade, s\u00e3o tr\u00eas sistemas de escrita usados juntos: hiragana, katakana e kanji. Hiragana e katakana s\u00e3o silab\u00e1rios: cada sinal representa uma s\u00edlaba, e n\u00e3o uma letra. Os kanji s\u00e3o caracteres de origem chinesa. Este artigo mostra para que serve cada um, a tabela dos sons e como funciona a pron\u00fancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na frase T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4\u30923\u679a\u8cfc\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f (comprei 3 camisetas), aparecem os tr\u00eas sistemas, al\u00e9m de uma letra latina e de um algarismo: \u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 est\u00e1 em katakana, \u3092 e \u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f em hiragana, e \u679a e \u8cfc\u5165 em kanji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hiragana\">Hiragana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O hiragana \u00e9 usado para as termina\u00e7\u00f5es dos <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-japones\/verbos-em-japones\/\">verbos<\/a> e dos <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-japones\/adjetivos-em-japones\/\">adjetivos<\/a>, para as <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-japones\/preposicoes-em-japones\/\">part\u00edculas<\/a> e para palavras que n\u00e3o t\u00eam kanji ou cujo kanji \u00e9 dif\u00edcil. Nos livros infantis, aparece mais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a<\/strong><br>hiragana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong><br>ver<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u898b\u305f<\/strong><br>vi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-katakana\">Katakana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O katakana \u00e9 usado sobretudo para palavras e nomes estrangeiros, mas tamb\u00e9m para nomes de animais e plantas, para onomatopeias e para dar \u00eanfase, como o it\u00e1lico em portugu\u00eas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca<\/strong><br>katakana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf<\/strong><br>computador<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3<\/strong><br>Londres<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30cd\u30b3<\/strong><br>gato<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30d0\u30e9<\/strong><br>rosa (a flor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30ef\u30f3\u30ef\u30f3<\/strong><br>au-au<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas palavras estrangeiras que j\u00e1 se naturalizaram s\u00e3o escritas em hiragana, como \u305f\u3070\u3053 (tabaco), que veio do portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kanji\">Kanji<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os kanji s\u00e3o caracteres chineses adotados pelo japon\u00eas. A lista oficial de uso geral, \u5e38\u7528\u6f22\u5b57, tem 2.136 kanji. Qualquer palavra pode ser escrita em hiragana ou katakana, mas s\u00f3 algumas t\u00eam kanji:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79c1<\/strong><br>eu, escrito em kanji<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/strong><br>eu, escrito em hiragana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u91d1\u9b5a<\/strong><br>peixinho-dourado, em kanji<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304d\u3093\u304e\u3087<\/strong><br>peixinho-dourado, em hiragana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-tabela-dos-sons\">A tabela dos sons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os sinais b\u00e1sicos se organizam numa tabela chamada \u4e94\u5341\u97f3, &#8220;cinquenta sons&#8221;. Cada linha come\u00e7a com uma consoante e passa pelas cinco vogais. Em cada casa abaixo, est\u00e3o o hiragana, o katakana e o som:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>a<\/th><th>i<\/th><th>u<\/th><th>e<\/th><th>o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u3042 \u30a2 [a]<\/td><td>\u3044 \u30a4 [i]<\/td><td>\u3046 \u30a6 [u]<\/td><td>\u3048 \u30a8 [e]<\/td><td>\u304a \u30aa [o]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>k<\/td><td>\u304b \u30ab [ka]<\/td><td>\u304d \u30ad [ki]<\/td><td>\u304f \u30af [ku]<\/td><td>\u3051 \u30b1 [ke]<\/td><td>\u3053 \u30b3 [ko]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>s<\/td><td>\u3055 \u30b5 [sa]<\/td><td>\u3057 \u30b7 [shi]<\/td><td>\u3059 \u30b9 [su]<\/td><td>\u305b \u30bb [se]<\/td><td>\u305d \u30bd [so]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<\/td><td>\u305f \u30bf [ta]<\/td><td>\u3061 \u30c1 [chi]<\/td><td>\u3064 \u30c4 [tsu]<\/td><td>\u3066 \u30c6 [te]<\/td><td>\u3068 \u30c8 [to]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n<\/td><td>\u306a \u30ca [na]<\/td><td>\u306b \u30cb [ni]<\/td><td>\u306c \u30cc [nu]<\/td><td>\u306d \u30cd [ne]<\/td><td>\u306e \u30ce [no]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>h<\/td><td>\u306f \u30cf [ha]<\/td><td>\u3072 \u30d2 [hi]<\/td><td>\u3075 \u30d5 [fu]<\/td><td>\u3078 \u30d8 [he]<\/td><td>\u307b \u30db [ho]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>m<\/td><td>\u307e \u30de [ma]<\/td><td>\u307f \u30df [mi]<\/td><td>\u3080 \u30e0 [mu]<\/td><td>\u3081 \u30e1 [me]<\/td><td>\u3082 \u30e2 [mo]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>y<\/td><td>\u3084 \u30e4 [ya]<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u3086 \u30e6 [yu]<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u3088 \u30e8 [yo]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>r<\/td><td>\u3089 \u30e9 [ra]<\/td><td>\u308a \u30ea [ri]<\/td><td>\u308b \u30eb [ru]<\/td><td>\u308c \u30ec [re]<\/td><td>\u308d \u30ed [ro]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>w<\/td><td>\u308f \u30ef [wa]<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u3092 \u30f2 [o]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u3093 \u30f3 [n]<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linha por linha, com \u00e1udio:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3042\u3044\u3046\u3048\u304a<\/strong><br>a, i, u, e, o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304b\u304d\u304f\u3051\u3053<\/strong><br>ka, ki, ku, ke, ko<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3055\u3057\u3059\u305b\u305d<\/strong><br>sa, shi, su, se, so<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u305f\u3061\u3064\u3066\u3068<\/strong><br>ta, chi, tsu, te, to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u306a\u306b\u306c\u306d\u306e<\/strong><br>na, ni, nu, ne, no<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u306f\u3072\u3075\u3078\u307b<\/strong><br>ha, hi, fu, he, ho<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u307e\u307f\u3080\u3081\u3082<\/strong><br>ma, mi, mu, me, mo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3084\u3086\u3088<\/strong><br>ya, yu, yo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3089\u308a\u308b\u308c\u308d<\/strong><br>ra, ri, ru, re, ro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u308f\u3092\u3093<\/strong><br>wa, o, n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3092 quase s\u00f3 aparece como part\u00edcula e se l\u00ea &#8220;o&#8221;. Como part\u00edcula, \u306f se l\u00ea &#8220;wa&#8221;, e \u3078 se l\u00ea &#8220;e&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-as-marcas\">As marcas \u309b e \u309c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duas marcas mudam o som da consoante. Os dois tracinhos \u309b trocam k por g, s por z, t por d e h por b. O c\u00edrculo \u309c, s\u00f3 na linha do h, troca h por p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304b \u2192 \u304c<\/strong><br>ka, ga<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3055 \u2192 \u3056<\/strong><br>sa, za<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u305f \u2192 \u3060<\/strong><br>ta, da<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u306f \u2192 \u3070<\/strong><br>ha, ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u306f \u2192 \u3071<\/strong><br>ha, pa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-tsu-pequeno-e-os-sons-com-ya-yu-yo\">O \u3063 pequeno e os sons com \u3083, \u3085 e \u3087<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um \u3064 pequeno, \u3063, dobra a consoante seguinte, e essa diferen\u00e7a muda o sentido da palavra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3055\u304b<\/strong><br>colina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3055\u3063\u304b<\/strong><br>escritor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um \u3084, \u3086 ou \u3088 pequeno depois de um sinal com i forma uma s\u00f3 s\u00edlaba: \u304d mais \u3083 d\u00e1 \u304d\u3083 (kya).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304d\u3083\u3001\u304d\u3085\u3001\u304d\u3087<\/strong><br>kya, kyu, kyo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304d\u3093\u304e\u3087<\/strong><br>peixinho-dourado<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dicas-de-pronuncia\">Dicas de pron\u00fancia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O japon\u00eas tem s\u00f3 cinco vogais: a, i, u, e, o. O u \u00e9 pronunciado sem projetar os l\u00e1bios para a frente. O r \u00e9 um toque r\u00e1pido da l\u00edngua, como o r do portugu\u00eas entre vogais, em &#8220;caro&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As vogais longas contam como um som a mais. No hiragana, escreve-se a vogal de novo; no katakana, usa-se o tra\u00e7o \u30fc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u304a\u304b\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/strong><br>m\u00e3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb<\/strong><br>e-mail<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-japones-e-o-portugues\">O japon\u00eas e o portugu\u00eas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O primeiro contato dos japoneses com o alfabeto latino foi com navegadores portugueses, no s\u00e9culo XVI, e o primeiro sistema de escrita do japon\u00eas em letras latinas, criado por volta de 1548, se baseava na ortografia portuguesa. Hoje, o japon\u00eas em letras latinas se chama \u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5b57 e aparece em nomes, marcas e siglas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5b57<\/strong><br>japon\u00eas escrito em letras latinas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: <a href=\"https:\/\/mylanguages.org\/japanese_alphabet.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MyLanguages<\/a> e Wikipedia em ingl\u00eas (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_writing_system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">escrita japonesa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiragana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hiragana<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katakana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">katakana<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kanji<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_phonology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fonologia japonesa<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_phonology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fonologia portuguesa<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O alfabeto japon\u00eas, na verdade, s\u00e3o tr\u00eas sistemas de escrita usados juntos: hiragana, katakana e kanji. Hiragana e katakana s\u00e3o silab\u00e1rios: cada sinal representa uma s\u00edlaba, e n\u00e3o uma letra. Os kanji s\u00e3o caracteres de origem chinesa. Este artigo mostra para que serve cada um, a tabela dos sons e como funciona a pron\u00fancia. Na<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alfabeto japon\u00eas: hiragana, katakana e kanji &#8226; Aprender Japon\u00eas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alfabeto japon\u00eas: para que servem hiragana, katakana e kanji, a tabela dos sons, as marcas \u309b e \u309c, o \u3063 pequeno e as dicas de pron\u00fancia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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