{"id":558,"date":"2026-10-28T13:59:40","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T16:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-frances\/?p=558"},"modified":"2026-10-28T23:57:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T23:57:04","slug":"feminino-e-plural-dos-substantivos-em-frances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-frances\/feminino-e-plural-dos-substantivos-em-frances\/","title":{"rendered":"Feminino e plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em franc\u00eas, como em portugu\u00eas, os substantivos t\u00eam g\u00eanero (masculino ou feminino) e n\u00famero (singular ou plural). Aqui voc\u00ea v\u00ea como formar o feminino de pessoas e animais e o plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas, com as exce\u00e7\u00f5es mais comuns. Para descobrir se uma palavra como <em>table<\/em> ou <em>livre<\/em> \u00e9 masculina ou feminina, veja <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-frances\/genero-de-substantivos\/\">G\u00eanero de substantivos em franc\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-feminino-dos-substantivos\">Feminino dos substantivos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A regra geral \u00e9 acrescentar um <em>e<\/em> mudo ao masculino. Quando o masculino termina em consoante, esse <em>e<\/em> muitas vezes muda a pron\u00fancia ou a grafia da \u00faltima s\u00edlaba:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Masculino<\/th><th>Feminino<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>un candidat (um candidato)<\/td><td>une candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>un avocat (um advogado)<\/td><td>une avocate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>un marchand (um comerciante)<\/td><td>une marchande<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>un cousin (um primo)<\/td><td>une cousine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>un d\u00e9put\u00e9 (um deputado)<\/td><td>une d\u00e9put\u00e9e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>un Espagnol (um espanhol)<\/td><td>une Espagnole<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em <em>d\u00e9put\u00e9<\/em>, <em>d\u00e9put\u00e9e<\/em>, o <em>e<\/em> acrescentado \u00e9 s\u00f3 gr\u00e1fico e n\u00e3o muda a pron\u00fancia. Em <em>candidat<\/em> e <em>marchand<\/em>, a consoante final, que era muda, passa a ser pronunciada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-terminacoes-que-mudam\">Termina\u00e7\u00f5es que mudam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Termina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th>Exemplo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>-en, -ien \u2192 -enne, -ienne<\/td><td>un lyc\u00e9en, une lyc\u00e9enne (estudante do ensino m\u00e9dio)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-on \u2192 -onne<\/td><td>un patron, une patronne (um patr\u00e3o, uma patroa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-el \u2192 -elle<\/td><td>un professionnel, une professionnelle<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-er, -ier \u2192 -\u00e8re, -i\u00e8re<\/td><td>un boucher, une bouch\u00e8re (a\u00e7ougueiro); un cuisinier, une cuisini\u00e8re<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-et \u2192 -ette ou -\u00e8te<\/td><td>un cadet, une cadette (o ca\u00e7ula, a ca\u00e7ula); un pr\u00e9fet, une pr\u00e9f\u00e8te (representante do governo num departamento franc\u00eas)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-f \u2192 -ve<\/td><td>un sportif, une sportive (esportista)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-x \u2192 -se<\/td><td>un \u00e9poux, une \u00e9pouse (esposo, esposa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-c \u2192 -que<\/td><td>un Turc, une Turque<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Repare que <em>-an<\/em>, <em>-in<\/em> e <em>-ain<\/em> n\u00e3o dobram o <em>n<\/em>: <em>une artisane<\/em>, <em>une cousine<\/em>, <em>une \u00e9crivaine<\/em>. S\u00f3 <em>-en<\/em> e <em>-on<\/em> dobram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-substantivos-em-eur\">Substantivos em -eur<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os substantivos em <em>-eur<\/em> t\u00eam tr\u00eas possibilidades de feminino:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>-euse<\/em>: <em>un chercheur, une chercheuse<\/em> (pesquisador), <em>un danseur, une danseuse<\/em> (dan\u00e7arino);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>-trice<\/em>: <em>un directeur, une directrice<\/em>, <em>un traducteur, une traductrice<\/em> (tradutor);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>-eure<\/em>, em alguns poucos casos: <em>un professeur, une professeure<\/em>, <em>un ing\u00e9nieur, une ing\u00e9nieure<\/em>, <em>un docteur, une docteure<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O feminino de <em>auteur<\/em> pode ser <em>autrice<\/em> ou <em>auteure<\/em>: as duas formas est\u00e3o corretas, e <em>autrice<\/em> vem se espalhando desde o fim da d\u00e9cada de 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mesma-forma-para-os-dois-generos\">Mesma forma para os dois g\u00eaneros<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muitos substantivos terminados em <em>-e<\/em> t\u00eam a mesma forma no masculino e no feminino. S\u00f3 o artigo muda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un artiste, une artiste<br><\/strong>um artista, uma artista<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un \u00e9l\u00e8ve, une \u00e9l\u00e8ve<br><\/strong>um aluno, uma aluna<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un juge, une juge<br><\/strong>um juiz, uma ju\u00edza<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O mesmo acontece com <em>un m\u00e9decin, une m\u00e9decin<\/em> e <em>un chef, une chef<\/em> (ou <em>une cheffe<\/em>, forma usada sobretudo na B\u00e9lgica e na Su\u00ed\u00e7a). Hoje n\u00e3o se recomenda formar o feminino com a palavra <em>femme<\/em>, como em <em>femme m\u00e9decin<\/em>, porque no masculino n\u00e3o se diz <em>homme m\u00e9decin<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outras palavras t\u00eam um s\u00f3 g\u00eanero, qualquer que seja a pessoa: <em>une personne<\/em>, <em>une victime<\/em>, <em>une vedette<\/em> (uma estrela) s\u00e3o sempre femininas, e <em>un individu<\/em>, <em>un g\u00e9nie<\/em> s\u00e3o sempre masculinas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-palavras-diferentes\">Palavras diferentes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas pessoas e animais t\u00eam palavras diferentes para o masculino e o feminino:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Masculino<\/th><th>Feminino<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>le p\u00e8re (o pai)<\/td><td>la m\u00e8re (a m\u00e3e)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le fr\u00e8re (o irm\u00e3o)<\/td><td>la s\u0153ur (a irm\u00e3)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>l&#8217;oncle (o tio)<\/td><td>la tante (a tia)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le neveu (o sobrinho)<\/td><td>la ni\u00e8ce (a sobrinha)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le roi (o rei)<\/td><td>la reine (a rainha)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le coq (o galo)<\/td><td>la poule (a galinha)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plural-dos-substantivos\">Plural dos substantivos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A regra geral \u00e9 acrescentar um <em>s<\/em>, que n\u00e3o se pronuncia: <em>un livre, des livres<\/em>; <em>une table, des tables<\/em>. Os substantivos que j\u00e1 terminam em <em>-s<\/em>, <em>-x<\/em> ou <em>-z<\/em> n\u00e3o mudam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un bas, des bas; un prix, des prix; un gaz, des gaz<br><\/strong>uma meia, umas meias; um pre\u00e7o, uns pre\u00e7os; um g\u00e1s, uns gases<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eau-au-e-eu-plural-em-x\">-eau, -au e -eu: plural em -x<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os substantivos em <em>-eau<\/em> e a maioria dos terminados em <em>-au<\/em> e <em>-eu<\/em> fazem o plural em <em>-x<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un ch\u00e2teau, des ch\u00e2teaux; un cheveu, des cheveux; un v\u0153u, des v\u0153ux<br><\/strong>um castelo, uns castelos; um fio de cabelo, os cabelos; um voto, uns votos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As exce\u00e7\u00f5es mais comuns levam <em>-s<\/em>: <em>des pneus<\/em> (pneus), <em>des bleus<\/em> (tons de azul) e <em>des landaus<\/em> (carrinhos de beb\u00ea).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-al-plural-em-aux\">-al: plural em -aux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A maioria dos substantivos em <em>-al<\/em> faz o plural em <em>-aux<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>un journal, des journaux; un cheval, des chevaux; un mal, des maux<br><\/strong>um jornal, uns jornais; um cavalo, uns cavalos; um mal, uns males<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas exce\u00e7\u00f5es levam <em>-s<\/em>: <em>des bals, des carnavals, des festivals, des r\u00e9citals, des r\u00e9gals, des chacals<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ail-plural-em-s-com-excecoes-em-aux\">-ail: plural em -s, com exce\u00e7\u00f5es em -aux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os substantivos em <em>-ail<\/em> fazem o plural em <em>-s<\/em> (<em>des d\u00e9tails, des chandails<\/em>), mas alguns fazem em <em>-aux<\/em>. Os mais comuns s\u00e3o <em>travail<\/em> (<em>des travaux<\/em>), <em>vitrail<\/em> (<em>des vitraux<\/em>), <em>corail<\/em> (<em>des coraux<\/em>), <em>\u00e9mail<\/em> (<em>des \u00e9maux<\/em>) e <em>bail<\/em> (<em>des baux<\/em>, contratos de aluguel).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ou-plural-em-s-com-sete-excecoes\">-ou: plural em -s, com sete exce\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os substantivos em <em>-ou<\/em> fazem o plural em <em>-s<\/em> (<em>des clous, des trous<\/em>). Sete deles fazem em <em>-x<\/em>: <em>bijou, caillou, chou, genou, hibou, joujou<\/em> e <em>pou<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cet acteur aime beaucoup porter des bijoux.<br><\/strong>Esse ator gosta muito de usar joias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Elle a mal aux genoux depuis sa chute.<br><\/strong>Ela est\u00e1 com dor nos joelhos desde a queda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plurais-irregulares\">Plurais irregulares<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dois plurais muito usados s\u00e3o totalmente irregulares: <em>un \u0153il, des yeux<\/em> (um olho, os olhos) e <em>le ciel, les cieux<\/em> (o c\u00e9u, os c\u00e9us). No caso de <em>ciel<\/em>, a forma <em>ciels<\/em> tamb\u00e9m existe, sobretudo na poesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os artigos que acompanham o substantivo no singular e no plural (<em>le, la, les, un, une, des<\/em>) est\u00e3o resumidos em <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-frances\/gramatica-essencial-da-lingua-francesa\/\">Gram\u00e1tica essencial da l\u00edngua francesa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/23935\/la-redaction-et-la-communication\/feminisation-et-redaction-epicene\/feminisation-des-appellations-de-personnes\/formation-dappellations-de-personnes-au-feminin\/formation-du-feminin-des-appellations-de-personnes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Formation du f\u00e9minin des appellations de personnes)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/23945\/la-redaction-et-la-communication\/feminisation-et-redaction-epicene\/feminisation-des-appellations-de-personnes\/formation-dappellations-de-personnes-au-feminin\/formation-du-feminin-des-appellations-de-personnes-par-lajout-dun-e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Formation du f\u00e9minin par l&#8217;ajout d&#8217;un e)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/23336\/la-redaction-et-la-communication\/feminisation-et-redaction-epicene\/feminisation-des-appellations-de-personnes\/formation-dappellations-de-personnes-au-feminin\/feminin-des-appellations-de-personnes-en-eur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (F\u00e9minin des appellations de personnes en -eur)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/25861\/banque-de-depannage-linguistique\/la-redaction-et-la-communication\/feminisation-et-redaction-epicene\/redaction-epicene\/designations-neutres\/appellations-de-personnes-a-genre-grammatical-fixe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Appellations de personnes \u00e0 genre grammatical fixe)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/21821\/la-grammaire\/le-nom\/pluriel-des-noms\/pluriel-en-x\/pluriel-des-noms-en-8209al\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Pluriel des noms en -al)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/22603\/la-grammaire\/le-nom\/pluriel-des-noms\/pluriel-en-x\/pluriel-des-noms-en-8209ail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Pluriel des noms en -ail)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/22604\/la-grammaire\/le-nom\/pluriel-des-noms\/pluriel-en-x\/pluriel-des-noms-en-8209au-8209eau-et-8209eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Pluriel des noms en -au, -eau et -eu)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca\/22605\/la-grammaire\/le-nom\/pluriel-des-noms\/pluriel-en-x\/pluriel-des-noms-en-8209ou\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OQLF (Pluriel des noms en -ou)<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pluriels_irr%C3%A9guliers_en_fran%C3%A7ais\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikip\u00e9dia (Pluriels irr\u00e9guliers en fran\u00e7ais)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Em franc\u00eas, como em portugu\u00eas, os substantivos t\u00eam g\u00eanero (masculino ou feminino) e n\u00famero (singular ou plural). Aqui voc\u00ea v\u00ea como formar o feminino de pessoas e animais e o plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas, com as exce\u00e7\u00f5es mais comuns. Para descobrir se uma palavra como table ou livre \u00e9 masculina ou feminina, veja G\u00eanero<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[2146],"class_list":["post-558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica","tag-substantivos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Feminino e plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas &#8226; Aprender Franc\u00eas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Como formar o feminino e o plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas: -e, -euse, -trice, -enne, e o plural em -s, -x e -aux, com as exce\u00e7\u00f5es mais comuns.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-frances\/feminino-e-plural-dos-substantivos-em-frances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Feminino e plural dos substantivos em franc\u00eas &#8226; 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