{"id":1282,"date":"2026-10-05T18:31:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T21:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/?p=1282"},"modified":"2026-10-05T18:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T21:31:49","slug":"genero-em-esperanto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/genero-em-esperanto\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00eanero (genro) em esperanto"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00eanero gramatical se diz <strong>genro<\/strong>. Ao contr\u00e1rio do portugu\u00eas, n\u00e3o existe g\u00eanero em esperanto no sentido gramatical: <strong>libro<\/strong> (livro), <strong>tablo<\/strong> (mesa) e <strong>floro<\/strong> (flor) n\u00e3o s\u00e3o masculinas nem femininas, e a termina\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>-o<\/strong> dos substantivos n\u00e3o indica sexo. O sexo s\u00f3 aparece no sentido de algumas palavras de pessoas e animais, em -in-, vir- e ge- e nos pronomes <strong>li<\/strong>, <strong>\u015di<\/strong> e <strong>\u011di<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-palavras-neutras-masculinas-e-femininas\">Palavras neutras, masculinas e femininas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para cada palavra de pessoa ou de animal, \u00e9 preciso aprender se ela \u00e9 neutra, masculina ou feminina, porque a forma da palavra n\u00e3o mostra isso. A maior parte \u00e9 neutra, isto \u00e9, serve para os dois sexos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>homo<\/strong><br>ser humano, pessoa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>persono<\/strong><br>pessoa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>infano<\/strong><br>crian\u00e7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>amiko<\/strong><br>amigo, amiga<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>najbaro<\/strong><br>vizinho, vizinha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>studento<\/strong><br>estudante<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>hundo<\/strong><br>cachorro, cadela<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>kato<\/strong><br>gato, gata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algumas palavras s\u00e3o masculinas, como <strong>viro<\/strong> (homem), <strong>knabo<\/strong> (menino) e as de <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/familia-em-esperanto\/\">fam\u00edlia<\/a>, como <strong>patro<\/strong> (pai) e <strong>frato<\/strong> (irm\u00e3o). Palavras femininas por si mesmas s\u00e3o poucas, como <strong>damo<\/strong> (dama).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-feminino-com-in\">O feminino com -in-<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para formar o feminino, acrescenta-se <strong>-in-<\/strong> entre a raiz e a termina\u00e7\u00e3o: <strong>patr-in-o<\/strong>. Com as palavras masculinas, o <strong>-in-<\/strong> \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio quando se fala de uma mulher ou de uma f\u00eamea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>patro, patrino<\/strong><br>pai, m\u00e3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>viro, virino<\/strong><br>homem, mulher<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>knabo, knabino<\/strong><br>menino, menina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>filo, filino<\/strong><br>filho, filha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>frato, fratino<\/strong><br>irm\u00e3o, irm\u00e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>onklo, onklino<\/strong><br>tio, tia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>avo, avino<\/strong><br>av\u00f4, av\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>edzo, edzino<\/strong><br>marido, esposa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>re\u011do, re\u011dino<\/strong><br>rei, rainha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>sinjoro, sinjorino<\/strong><br>senhor, senhora<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com as palavras neutras, o <strong>-in-<\/strong> s\u00f3 serve para deixar claro que se trata de uma mulher ou de uma f\u00eamea, e n\u00e3o \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio: <strong>studentino<\/strong> (estudante mulher), <strong>hundino<\/strong> (cadela). Tanto <strong>\u015ci estas aktoro<\/strong> quanto <strong>\u015ci estas aktorino<\/strong> querem dizer &#8220;Ela \u00e9 atriz&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O <strong>-in-<\/strong> s\u00f3 se usa com o que pode ter sexo, isto \u00e9, pessoas e <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/animais-em-esperanto\/\">animais<\/a>. Por isso n\u00e3o se diz <strong>belino<\/strong>: primeiro se forma <strong>belulo<\/strong> (pessoa bonita) e, da\u00ed, <strong>belulino<\/strong> (mulher bonita). Tamb\u00e9m h\u00e1 muitas palavras em que &#8220;in&#8221; n\u00e3o \u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/sufixos-em-esperanto\/\">sufixo<\/a>, como <strong>ma\u015dino<\/strong> (m\u00e1quina) e <strong>medicino<\/strong> (medicina).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-masculino-com-vir\">O masculino com vir-<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para deixar claro que uma palavra neutra se refere a um homem ou a um macho, usa-se <strong>vir-<\/strong> antes dela, ou o adjetivo <strong>vira<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>virhundo<\/strong><br>cachorro macho<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>virleono<\/strong><br>le\u00e3o macho<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>vira studento<\/strong><br>estudante homem<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com as palavras que j\u00e1 s\u00e3o masculinas, como <strong>re\u011do<\/strong> (rei), n\u00e3o se usa <strong>vir-<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-os-dois-sexos-com-ge\">Os dois sexos com ge-<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O prefixo <strong>ge-<\/strong> indica os dois sexos juntos e vem com o plural:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>gepatroj<\/strong><br>pai e m\u00e3e, os pais<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>geedzoj<\/strong><br>marido e esposa, o casal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>gefratoj<\/strong><br>irm\u00e3os e irm\u00e3s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>geknaboj<\/strong><br>meninos e meninas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kiom da gefratoj vi havas?<\/strong><br>Quantos irm\u00e3os voc\u00ea tem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com as palavras neutras, o <strong>ge-<\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio: <strong>lernantoj<\/strong> j\u00e1 quer dizer alunos e alunas. H\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m um uso recente de <strong>ge-<\/strong> no singular, como <strong>gepatro<\/strong> (pai ou m\u00e3e), que ainda n\u00e3o \u00e9 tradicional e divide opini\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-li-si-e-gi\">Li, \u015di e \u011di<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os pronomes da terceira pessoa do singular s\u00e3o os \u00fanicos que mostram sexo. Os outros <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/uso-dos-pronomes-no-esperanto\/\">pronomes<\/a>, como <strong>ili<\/strong> (eles, elas), servem para os dois:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>li<\/strong><br>ele (homem)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u015di<\/strong><br>ela (mulher)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u011di<\/strong><br>ele, ela (coisa ou animal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ili<\/strong><br>eles, elas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mi vokas la knabinon, kaj \u015di venas.<\/strong><br>Chamo a menina, e ela vem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La tran\u0109ilo tran\u0109as bone, \u0109ar \u011di estas akra.<\/strong><br>A faca corta bem, porque est\u00e1 afiada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u011ci<\/strong> tamb\u00e9m se usa para animais, mesmo quando se sabe o sexo, e para beb\u00eas e crian\u00e7as pequenas. Para animais de estima\u00e7\u00e3o, muitos preferem <strong>li<\/strong> ou <strong>\u015di<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La infano ploras, \u0109ar \u011di volas man\u011di.<\/strong><br>A crian\u00e7a chora, porque quer comer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tiu katino estas mia plej bona amiko. \u015ci e\u0109 dormas en mia lito.<\/strong><br>Essa gata \u00e9 minha melhor amiga. Ela at\u00e9 dorme na minha cama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando n\u00e3o se sabe o sexo da pessoa, a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o usa <strong>li<\/strong>. Muitos acham esse uso masculino demais, e h\u00e1 quem use o pronome <strong>ri<\/strong>, que n\u00e3o \u00e9 oficial e n\u00e3o \u00e9 conhecido por todos os falantes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0108iu amas ordinare personon, kiu estas simila al li.<\/strong><br>Cada um costuma amar uma pessoa parecida com ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para continuar, veja os <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/uso-dos-substantivos-no-esperanto\/\">substantivos no esperanto<\/a> e como se formam as <a href=\"https:\/\/hridiomas.com\/aprender-esperanto\/uso-das-palavras-compostas-no-esperanto\/\">palavras compostas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: <a href=\"https:\/\/mylanguages.org\/esperanto_grammar.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MyLanguages<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bertilow.com\/pmeg\/gramatiko\/o-vortoj\/seksa_signifo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PMEG<\/a> (Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko) e <a href=\"https:\/\/reta-vortaro.de\/revo\/art\/genr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reta Vortaro<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00eanero gramatical se diz genro. Ao contr\u00e1rio do portugu\u00eas, n\u00e3o existe g\u00eanero em esperanto no sentido gramatical: libro (livro), tablo (mesa) e floro (flor) n\u00e3o s\u00e3o masculinas nem femininas, e a termina\u00e7\u00e3o -o dos substantivos n\u00e3o indica sexo. O sexo s\u00f3 aparece no sentido de algumas palavras de pessoas e animais, em -in-, vir- e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[21,16],"class_list":["post-1282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gramatica","tag-pronomes","tag-substantivos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>G\u00eanero (genro) em esperanto &#8226; Aprender Esperanto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"N\u00e3o existe g\u00eanero em esperanto como no portugu\u00eas. 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